Compares what buying and renting actually cost once each is netted against what it leaves you with: a buyer ends up with home equity (principal paid down, plus any appreciation); a renter keeps whatever the down payment would have earned invested elsewhere instead. This ignores real costs like closing costs or moving costs — treat the result as showing which levers matter (appreciation, rate, how long you'd stay), not as the final word on a real decision.

🇵🇹 This model doesn't include Portugal-specific one-time buying costs like IMT (the property transfer tax) and Imposto de Selo (stamp duty), which together can easily add a few percent of the home's price — the real cost of buying is higher than what's shown here.